the hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is a tree of the family Betulaceae, subfamily Coryloideae, widespread in Western Europe. The hornbeam tree is a short-lived (150 years), medium height (15-20 m), straight hair and allungata.Le leaves are oval, pointed to the margin doubly serrate, during the autumn, before falling to ground stain bright yellow tending to orange. The flowers are unisexual, in inflorescences (catkins) and also porat unisexual on the same individual (monoecious species). Individual male flowers are naked with 6-12 stamens taken individually for each bract. The single flowers have perigonium women and are worn in pairs on a series of bracts and bratteole that the fruit will become triloba a bract, typical of specie.Il fruit is an achene which contains a seed alato.Produce not a heavy wood, hard but not very durable especially when exposed to moist, pale in color and is used for small objects such as pins , spoke wheels and gears and as a great combustibile.Da ecological point of view, the species can tolerate some shade and requires relatively high temperatures, but is demanding on the ground. And improving the land and has a remarkable ability pollonifera. The hornbeam has a wide distribution in Central Europe with the limits to the Pyrenees and Wales. In Italy is mountainous horizon with frequency up to 900-1000 m as a constituent of the woods along with mesophilic deciduous oaks and beech. In plain English Oak is set to be in the lowland forests. It is also present in the colder areas and wetlands of the Po Valley. Missing in the islands. It is used for hedges, coppices to produce firewood for city trees and as ornamental tree in parks and gardens.
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