The genus Quercus comprises many species of wild trees in Italy. In many cases the habit is impressive even though there are shrubs. The leaves are alternate, sometimes lobed, sometimes toothed on the same plant can have different forms, for the difference in the juvenile than adult foliage.
The oaks are monoecious plants, or the same plant carries both male and female flowers. The male flowers are grouped in yellow catkins, the female are green. The fruit is the acorn, a dome formed by the scales surrounding the base of the nut.
belong to the genus approximately 450 species of hardy plants, deciduous or evergreen. The first species of oak appeared on Earth during the Cenozoic.
There are several types of oaks:
• Quercus ilex, holm or holm oak. Majestic evergreen tree, typical of Mediterranean areas, or even submediterranean less torrid. It can grow under optimum conditions the 20-30 m in height and can be found from coastal spots up in the mountains (Mount Etna up to 1800 m).
• Quercus petraea, oak. Large deciduous species, habit regular and very dense foliage. Common in all regions of Italy (Except in Sardinia).
• Quercus pubescens, downy. The most widespread species in Italy, absent only in the Po Valley and other floodplains. Very hardy species, the northern areas still prefer areas protected from the cold. Deciduous oak (but often keeps the brown leaves in winter) to mid-sized growth is very slow, generally live 200-300 years and is a typical west-central Europe. Some specimens can reach very advanced ages: the oak that grows in Tricarico, cave in area, has an estimated age of 612 years, a trunk circumference of 6.43 meters and a height of 20 meters and is inserted in 'list of monuments natural (trees fathers) of the Basilicata region.
• Quercus robur, English oak. Large deciduous oak, more common in northern areas and more rare in the South, mainly differs from oak acorns on long stalks, leaves sessile and more erratic behavior. Q. Some authors consider petraea, Q robur and Q. pubescens as three subspecies or varieties of one species. Quercus
Sub Section Mesobalanus. Similar to previous styles long, acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of the dome of hairless acorn. • Quercus
frainetto, farnetto. Fast-growing deciduous species, common to Central and South America, has large leaves of the other Italian oaks, deeper lobes and margins parallel.
• Quercus pyrenaica, Pyrenean oak. Deciduous species with leaves deep green and deep, narrow lobes and is situated in warmer areas of Piedmont. Sub
Quercus cerris section. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of the dome of the acorn hairless or slightly hairy. • calliprinos
Quercus, oak Palestine. Evergreen small tree similar to Q coccifera but taller and with hairs on the male catkins and young branches. In Italy there is in Basilicata, Puglia and Sicily in the south of
• Quercus cerris, turkey oak. And fast-growing deciduous species, native to the regions South-Eastern Europe, but also widespread in Italy, is a majestic plant from the crown ovoid, very decorative, wood is not particularly valuable.
• Quercus coccifera, oaks. Widespread only in Western Liguria, Sicily and Sardinia, evergreen shrub to (not exceeding 2 m in height).
• Quercus suber, cork oak. Evergreen species that look similar to oak, but is botanically closer to the turkey. Little tolerance to the cold and especially prefer the Tyrrhenian coast of Sardinia, the bark is characteristic and covers both the trunk and major branches; periodically barking the trunk, cork is obtained that reform after some time. • Quercus
trojan, fragno. Semisempreverde and shrub species common only in Salento and in Basilicata.
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