The holm is usually an evergreen tree from the nearly oval crown and trunk seldom straight, single or divided to base, height up to 20-25 meters. You can take look bushy grow in environments where rupestri.La bark is smooth and gray when young, eventually becomes hard and dark, almost blackish, finely cracked in chips persistent form of the young branches are almost quadrata.I pubescent and gray, but soon become glabrous and gray-verdastri.Le buds are small, hairy, rounded leaves with few perule.Le are simple, leathery leaf margin entire or toothed, very variable in shape ranging from lanceolate to elliptical (in rotondegiante subspecies rotundifolia), the base is rounded or cuneata. The upper side is dark green and glossy, the lower greyish markedly tomentosa. They are 3-8 cm long and 1 to 3.5 cm wide. The midrib is straight and there are 7 to 11 pairs of ribs laterali.Le leaves persist on the tree 2-3 anni.Il petiole is short, hairy, provided with stipules brownish, linear, and soon caduche.Sono two types of leaves (Eterofillia): apical ones and those of young specimens are nearly oval, toothed or spinescenti mucronata, with pubescence on lower reduced, and even a few trichomes on the page superiore.Le seedling leaves are hairy, almost white to sprout, then become glabrescenti but the young stem thickness continues to be densely pubescente.I unissesuali flowers, the plant is monoica.I male flowers are grouped in catkins pendulous, cylindrical and hairy, with 6 perianth lobes and are 6-8 stamens; The female flowers are pedunculate spikes consist of 6-7 flowers, each flower has esalobato perianth and 3-4 stigmi.Gli male catkins are 5-7 cm long and are worn at the base of the branches of the year. Flowering takes place in late spring, from April to giugnoI fruits are acorns, move individual or groups of 2-5 on a peduncle 10-15 mm long (exceptionally up to 40 mm). Sizes range from 1.5 to 3 cm in length, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. Are colored dark brown when ripe, with streaks evidenti.All 'apex of each acorn is a strong beak. The acorns are covered for a third or half the length of a dome provided with distinct scales, with free tips, but not divergent. They mature in the same year of flowering, in autunno.L 'root system is robust, taproot, grows from the early years of life and can penetrate several meters into the ground. This represents a significant drought resistance (the plant goes to find the water depth), but also problems of transplantation, this species bears male.Le lateral roots can also be very strong and they often emit shoots. The wood is diffuse-porous, the duramen is reddish in color and the sapwood is light in color. This is a hard wood, compact and heavy, subject to board, hard work and mature. It is used primarily as fuel for the production of coal vegetale.L 'almost exclusive use of oak woods is the government to coppice for firewood. No problem of regeneration by seed, also having regard to the shade tolerance of juveniles.
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