The olive or olive bitter due to the polyphenol content, the use of olive oil in, however, requires specific treatments aimed at debittering, made with various methods. The olive tree belongs to the family of Oleaceae. The plant begins to bear fruit to the 3rd-4th year, began full production at the 9 th -10 th year maturity is reached after 50 years. It is a plant long-lived: the weather is good an olive tree can live a thousand years. In the Middle East, has been used since antiquity for food. Its fruits, olives are used for oil extraction and to a lesser extent, for direct use in food. Because of the sap king never go beyond the 60-100 cm profondità.Il stem is cylindrical and twisted, with bark gray or dark gray, wood is very hard and heavy. The stump form globular structures, called Caesar, which are issued Each year numerous basal shoots. The tree has a conical shape with pendulous branches bearing or licenses (the latter placed the barrel) according to the varietà.È an evergreen plant, whose activity is almost continuous dimming in winter. The leaves are leathery, simple, entire, elliptic-lanceolate, with short petiole and margin entire, often revolute. The underside is white-tomentose. The buds are mostly type ascellare.Il flower is hermaphrodite, small, with 4 cup of white petals and sepals. The flowers are grouped in numbers of 10-15 flowers in cluster, called pinkie, issued at the leaf axil of the branches of the previous year. The mignolatura begins around March-April. The bloom itself is, according to the cultivar and the areas from May to the first half of giugno.Il fruit is a drupe globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, sometimes asymmetric, weighing 1.6 grams, depending on the variety, the technique cultivation practices and the development climatico.Fra plants the tree Olea europaea is distinguished by its longevity and frugality. The olive tree is a species typically thermophilic and eliofila, with strong characters xerophilous. On the other hand is sensitive to low temperatures. In Italy the distribution area of \u200b\u200bthe sub-spontaneous vegetation, the olive, is the hot sub Lauretum. The olive (also known as wild olive) is one of the essences most representative blot termoxerofila (Oleo-Ceratonion), as it becomes more sporadic in the Mediterranean Quercion ilicis. For the characters of frugality and heliophilous is found frequently even in degraded spots in scrubland and rocky vegetation along the coasts. Good resistance to grazing because it tends to assume a bushy habit and dense branching with a pulvinus spinescente. Resist well fires for the remarkable ability to repel ceppaia.Le vigorous shoots from the climatic requirements are considerable. Being a plant suffers eliofila shading, producing a loose vegetation and, especially, poor flowering. The climatic factor determining the distribution Olive is the temperature: the plant shows signs of suffering in temperatures of 3-4 ° C. Below these temperatures, the tips of the buds dry up. In general, sensitivity to cold increases from stump to the stem, branches, the buds, leaves, the shoot tip, and finally to flowers and fruitlets. The frost can damage the wood at temperatures of -7 ° C. The severe frosts can cause the death of the entire apparatus of the only plane with survival ceppaia.Per regard to the other climatic factors are detrimental to the strong wind, especially when combined with low temperatures, excessive rainfall and high humidity of ' air. (Olea europaea L.) is a fruit plant.
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