The apple (Malus domestica, Borkh. 1760) is a fruit plant in the family Rosaceae. It is one of the most common fruit trees coltivate.Il apple is a small deciduous tree of 5-12 meters in height, with a dense canopy and root system and expanded superficiale.Le leaves are alternate and simple, oval plate, with acute apex and rounded base, 5-12 cm long and 3-6 cm wide, glabrous and top with some tomentosità beneath. The petiole is long cm.I 2-5 hermaphrodite flowers are white, pinkish-white externally and internally symmetric pentamer. They corolla composed of 5 petals and are 2.5-3.5 cm wide, and inferior ovary. They are combined to corymb inflorescences, the number of 3-7. Flowering takes place in the spring, the buds simultaneously. Pollination is entomofila.Il fruit, apple said, is formed by growth of the floral receptacle with the ovary and is therefore a false fruit, globular in shape, usually 5-9 cm in diameter, the first green and ripe, summer- autumn color from yellow-green to red. The true result, derived from much of the ovary is actually made up of the core, more consistency than the polpa.Il leathery pericarp contains five carpels arranged as a five-pointed star, each carpel The apple tree is suffering from various diseases caused by fungi, including scab, powdery mildew, the jewelry, cancer of the pome fruit and root rot woolly. Among insects, the most important are the mealybug S. Jose (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus), the gray aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea) and Cydia pomonella moths, Orgyia antiqua and Cossus Cossus.
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